The Event of the Century DDay essays

The Event of the Century DDay essays In every nation of the world, an event takes place that could change the course of history in that country. This event could change the history for better or for worse. For the United States, D-Day is one such transpiration. After this one specific invasion on June 6, 1944, everyone involved knew that it would change the course of history for the United States and the rest of the world. The invasion, known also by the code name Operation Overlord, did not, however, only consist of one day's events. These complicated one day's events did make up D-Day but the months of planning for the invasion and the changes in World War II and the rest of history also make up the structure of D-Day. To understand D-Day, a person must first understand the years of events that preceded the invasion. The story of D-Day began when World War II began in Europe. The cause of the war started with the alliance of Germany, under the control of the Nazi party, and Italy, which was under the control of the fascist regime.1 The leader of Germany at this time was Adolf Hitler, while Benito Mussolini led Italy. Before the beginning of the war, Germany and Italy, also self-proclaimed as the Axis powers, invaded a section of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. France, England, and the United States were not happy with this but were willing to hold off on going to war to stop the Axis Powers. At this time, the leaders of the main countries outside of the Axis Powers were Franklin Roosevelt, Edouard Daladier, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill, for the United States, France, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom, respectively.2 These four countries, however, would not silently watch the Axis Powers invade all of Europe. France and England made an agreement with Poland that stated that if Germany or Italy should invade Poland, both France and England would enter the war in defense of Poland. Although Hitler and Mussolini both knew of the agr...

Definition and Examples of Language Contact

Definition and Examples of Language Contact Definition Language contact is the social and linguistic phenomenon by which speakers of different languages (or different dialects of the same language) interact with one another, leading to a transfer of linguistic features. Language contact is a major factor in language change, notes Stephan Gramley. Contact with other languages and other dialectal varieties of one language is a source of alternative pronunciations, grammatical structures, and vocabulary (The History of English: An Introduction, 2012). Prolonged language contact generally leads to bilingualism or multilingualism. Uriel Weinreich (Languages in Contact, 1953) and Einar  Haugen (The Norwegian Language in America, 1953) are  commonly regarded as the pioneers of language-contact studies. A particularly influential later study is  Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics by  Sarah Grey Thomason  and  Terrence Kaufman (University of California Press, 1988). Examples and Observations [W]hat counts as language contact? The mere juxtaposition of two speakers of different languages, or two texts in different languages, is too trivial to count: unless the speakers or the texts interact in some way, there can be no transfer of linguistic features in either direction. Only when there is some interaction does the possibility of a contact explanation for synchronic variation or diachronic change arise. Throughout human history, most language contacts have been face to face, and most often the people involved have a nontrivial degree of fluency in both languages. There are other possibilities, especially in the modern world with novel means of worldwide travel and mass communication: many contacts now occur through written language only. . . . [L]anguage contact is the norm, not the exception. We would have a right to be astonished if we found any language whose speakers had successfully avoided contacts with all other languages for periods longer than one or two hundred years. (Sarah Thomason, Contact Explanations in Linguistics.  The Handbook of Language Contact, ed. by  Raymond Hickey. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Minimally, in order to have something that we would recognize as language contact, people must learn at least some part of two or more distinct linguistic codes. And, in practice, language contact is really only acknowledged when one code becomes more similar to another code as a result of that interaction. (Danny Law,  Language Contact, Inherited Similarity and Social Difference. John Benjamins, 2014)   Different Types of Language-Contact Situations Language contact is not, of course, a homogeneous phenomenon. Contact may occur between languages which are genetically related or unrelated, speakers may have similar or vastly different social structures, and patterns of multilingualism may also vary greatly. In some cases the entire community speaks more than one variety, while in other cases only a subset of the population is multilingual. Lingualism and lectalism may vary by age, by ethnicity, by gender, by social class, by education level, or by one or more of a number of other factors. In some communities there are few constraints on the situations in which more than one language can be used, while in others there is heavy diglossia, and each language is confined to a particular type of social interaction. . . .   While there a great number of different language contact situations, a few come up frequently in areas where linguists do fieldwork. One is dialect contact, for example between standard varieties of a language and regional varieties (e.g., in France or the Arab world). . . . A further type of language contact involves exogamous communities where more than one language might be used within the community because its members come from different areas. . . .The converse of such communities where exogamy leads to multilingualism is an endoterogenous community which maintains its own language for the purpose of excluding outsiders. . . . Finally, fieldworkers particularly often work in endangered language communities where language shift is in progress.   (Claire Bowern, Fieldwork in Contact Situations.  The Handbook of Language Contact, ed. by  Raymond Hickey. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)   The Study of Language Contact - Manifestations of language contact are  found in a great variety of domains, including language acquisition, language processing and production, conversation and discourse, social functions of language and language policy, typology and language change, and more. . . . [T]he study of language contact is of value toward an understanding of the inner functions and the inner structure of grammar and the language faculty itself. (Yaron Matras, Language Contact. Cambridge University Press, 2009) - A very naive view of language contact would probably hold that speakers take bundles of formal and functional properties, semiotic signs so to speak, from the relevant contact language and insert them into their own language. To be sure, this view is much too simplistic and not seriously maintained any longer. A probably more realistic view held in language contact research is that whatever kind of material is transferred in a situation of language contact, this material necessarily experiences some sort of modification through contact. (Peter Siemund, Language Contact: Constraints and Common Paths of Contact-Induced Language Change.  Language Contact and Contact Languages, ed. by  Peter Siemund and Noemi Kintana. John Benjamins, 2008) Language Contact and Grammatical Change [T]he transfer of grammatical meanings and structures across languages is regular, and . . . it is shaped by universal processes of grammatical change. Using data from a wide range of languages we . . . argue that this transfer is essentially in accordance with principles of grammaticalization, and that these principles are the same irrespective of whether or not language contact is involved, and of whether it concerns unilateral or multilateral transfer.. . . [W]hen embarking on the work leading to this book we were assuming that grammatical change taking place as a result of language contact is fundamentally different from purely language-internal change. With regard to replication, which is the central theme of the present work, this assumption turned out to be unfounded: there is no decisive difference between the two. Language contact can and frequently does trigger or influence the development of grammar in a number of ways; overall, however, the same kind of processes and directionality can be observed in both. Still, there is reason to assume that language contact in general and grammatical replication in particular may accelerate grammatical change . . .. (Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva,  Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge University Press, 2005) Old English and Old Norse Contact-induced grammaticalization is part of contact-induced grammatical change,and in the literature of the latter it has been repeatedly pointed out that language contact often brings about loss of grammatical categories. A frequent example given as illustration of this kind of situation involves Old English and Old Norse, whereby Old Norse was brought to the British Isles through the heavy settlement of Danish  Vikings in the Danelaw area during the 9th to 11th centuries. The result of this language contact is reflected in the linguistic system of Middle English, one of the characteristics of which is the absence of grammatical gender. In this particular language contact situation, there seems to have been an additional factor leading to the loss, namely, the genetic closeness andaccordinglythe urge to diminish the functional overload of speakers bilingual in Old English and Old Norse.   Thus a functional overload explanation  seems to be a plausible way to account for what we observe in Middle English, that is, after Old English and Old Norse had come into contact: gender assignment often diverged in Old English and Old Norse, which would have readily led to the elimination of it in order to avoid confusion and to lessen the strain of learning the other contrastive system. (Tania Kuteva and  Bernd Heine, An Integrative Model of Grammaticalization.   Grammatical Replication and Borrowability in Language Contact, ed. by  Bjà ¶rn Wiemer, Bernhard Wlchli, and Bjà ¶rn Hansen. Walter de Gruyter, 2012) Also  See AccommodationBorrowingContact LanguageHistorical LinguisticsKoineizationLanguage ChangeSociolinguistics

Dell Computers - Supply and Demand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Dell Computers - Supply and Demand - Assignment Example However, the ethical issue of upholding the interest of the disadvantaged groups requires that the HR professionals should treat these groups as special interest groups, by granting them some favorable measures, which would make them have equal opportunities with others (Flynn, Mathis, Jackson & Langan, 2007). These two aspects create a sense conflict, since the HR professional are required to favor the disadvantaged group on one hand, while ensuring the principle of equality is upheld. For example, in an interview for the post of a staff accountant, the HR team was faced with a dilemma in selecting between an individual who was rated highly during the interview, and another one who had a slightly lower rating, yet belonged to the disadvantage group. While the law would require that the most qualified candidate takes up the position, it would be ethical to grant the position to the member of the disadvantaged group, who may not have many opportunities like the others. The similarity between the legal and the ethical responsibility is that they both advocate for the creation of equal of opportunities for all. However the contrast is; while the legal responsibility requires all people to be treated equally, the ethical responsibilities calls for the favor of some

Thinking about Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking about Publishing - Essay Example when you think of authors, what do you think motivates authors to want to publish their work, and why do you think they might choose the specific forms they choose like printed books, ebooks, blogs, newspapers, etc? Authors publish their works with an aim of disseminating their written work to the public in a more appealing way. The published information can either be fictional or non-fictional. Publishing non-fictional works has always been a valid choice for many authors, especially those who have a solid foundation as well as means of distribution (Konrath). 3. What are some different formats of published work and specific publications you yourself generally read? Be as specific as you can. (This could include websites, newspapers, magazines, email newsletters, books, ebooks, textbooks, novels, comics, etc!) There are different formats of published works. These formats include books, textbooks, novels, magazines, websites, and newspapers, among other formats. In book publishing, there are different types of book publishers, depending on the market of the book. Those who publish books found in most bookstores are professional publishers, academic publishers, and self-publishing services (Konrath). 4. In your own life, what are some interesting things youve noticed about publishing? This might include changes youve seen over the course of your life (like maybe you bought an e-reader and your experience of books changed). Or it might include differences you see between publishing in the US and publishing in another country where youve lived or visited. Or it might include your experiences reading articles for school online vs. reading printed textbooks. Anything that comes to mind is great! In my entire academic life I have witnessed a lot when it comes to publishing. I have seen many changes in the course of my life. I once bought an e-reader which totally changed my experience of books. In addition, in the course of visiting different countries to pursue my

Loss: Hamlet’s Emotional Connection Tool Essay examples -- Literary An

The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare is about a young man who is returning from his studies to mourn the death of his father. During this time he is visited by the ghost of his father and asked to avenge a â€Å"Murder most foul† (Shakespeare 1.5.33). In the play of Hamlet, we can recognize at least one element that has embroidered itself into the very fabric of modern literature: this element of particular importance is the protagonist’s ability to appeal to every viewer emotionally. In the play, the viewer develops emotional links with Hamlet following the many losses he or she witnesses, such as the loss of family, the loss of his childhood friends, the loss of trust in the world and ultimately the loss of innocence. The first loss we encounter is the loss of family; Hamlet arrives in Denmark to mourn the loss of his father. The loss of a parent affects many people very deeply, giving them in a sense of insecurity and complete sorrow. In the first scene with Hamlet, he is dressed all in black and speaks of the turmoil he feels: â€Å"O, That this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew† (1.2.133-134) This very vivid description adequately expresses the feelings experienced in times of loss. Hamlet is feeling alone now that his father is gone and his mother seems to have hastily moved on and he makes note of this in his first soliloquy: â€Å"O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourn'd longer - married with my uncle†(1.2.154-155) Children often have difficulty with their parents remarrying following the death of the other parent. Christina Gregoire writes in her article concerning the impact of remarriage on adult children (older than eighteen), that a parent remarryi... ...changed and â€Å"The rest is silence† (5.2.395) Works Cited Bud. â€Å"Losing a Best Friend,† A Boundless World. 15 Sept. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. â€Å"Friendship or Betrayal.† http://www.echeat.com. 10 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Jan 2011 Gregoire, Christina. â€Å"Adult Children of Divorce and New Step Parents,† Suite101. 25 Dec. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. â€Å"In the End, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends†. http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/46. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. Schneider, Arthur J. â€Å"Adult Children of Divorce and New Step Parents,† University of Missouri Extension. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square- Pocket 1992. Print. Yager, Jan. â€Å"6 Types of Toxic Friends and How You Can Deal with Them,† iVillage Health. 25 Feb. 2003. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.

Introduction nokia Essay

The company that we choose from the list is Nokia. Over the past 150 years, Nokia has evolved from a riverside paper mill in southwestern Finland to a global telecommunications leader connecting over 1. 3 billion people. During that time, they’ve made rubber boots and car tires. They’ve generated electricity. They’ve even manufactured TVs. Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications and information technology corporation that is headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Its principal products are mobile telephones and portable IT devices. It also offers Internet services including applications, games, music, media and messaging, and free-of-charge digital map information and navigation services through its wholly owned subsidiary Navteq. Nokia owns a company named Nokia Solutions and Networks, which provides telecommunications network equipment and services. As of 2012, Nokia employs 101,982 people across 120 countries, conducts sales in more than 150 countries, and reports annual revenues of around â‚ ¬30 billion. By the fourth quarter of 2012, it was the world’s second-largest mobile phone maker in terms of unit sales (after Samsung), with a global market share of 18. 0%. Now, Nokia only has a 3% market share in smartphones. They lost 40% of their revenue in mobile phones in Q2 2013. Nokia is a public limited-liability company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. It is the world’s 274th-largest company measured by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500. Nokia was the world’s largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012. However, over the past five years its market share declined as a result of the growing use of touchscreen smartphones from other vendors—principally the iPhone, by Apple, and devices running on Android, an operating system created by Google. The corporation’s share price fell from a high of US$40 in late 2007 to under US$2 in mid-2012. In a bid to recover, Nokia announced a strategic partnership with Microsoft in February 2011, leading to the replacement of Symbian with Microsoft’s Windows Phone operating system in all Nokia smartphones. Following the replacement of the Symbian system, Nokia’s smartphone sales figures, which had previously increased, collapsed dramatically. From the beginning of 2011 until 2013, Nokia fell from its position as the world’s largest smartphone vendor to assume the status of tenth largest. On 2 September 2013, Microsoft announced its intent to purchase Nokia’s mobile phone business unit as part of an overall deal totaling â‚ ¬5. 44 billion (US$7. 17 billion). Stephen Elop, Nokia’s former CEO, and several other executives will join Microsoft as part of the deal.

Air Asia Marketing Plan - 17846 Words

AirAsia BERHAD MARKETING PLAN No. CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 Executive Summary 1-2 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Background and History of AirAsia 3-4 2.2 Vision Statement 5 2.3 Mission Statement 5 2.4 Objectives 5 3.0 Environmental Analysis 6 3.1 PESTEL Analysis 6 3.1.1 Political Factors 7-8 3.1.2 Economic Factors 8-9 3.1.3 Social Factors 9-11 3.1.4 Technological Factors 11 3.1.5 Environmental Factors 11-12 3.2 PORTERs 5 Forces Model Analysis 12 3.2.1 Threats of New Entrants 12-13 3.2.2 Threats of Substitute 13-14 3.2.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers 14-15 3.2.4 Bargaining Power of Supplier 15 3.2.5 Competitive Rivalry 16 4.0 SWOT Analysis 17-18 4.1†¦show more content†¦It covers over 61 domestic and international destinations with 108 routes, with over 400 flights on daily bases within their subsidiary companies located in Thailand and Indonesia. AirAsia has hub in Suvarnabhumi Airport and at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Indonesia. (Cary Wong Pui Man, 2009) AirAsia’s philosophy â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly† is related to their vision of becoming the largest low fare airliner in Asia and serving 3 billion customers who are underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. Their mission is to become the best company to work for; thus employees are being treated as part of a big family, to create a globally recognized ASEAN brand, to offer the lowest fare so that everyone can fly with AirAsia, to maintain the highest quality product, and innovative technology as a measure to reduce cost and enhance service. AirAsia have won various awards and recognitions. Some of the awards include the recent Airline of the Year by Centre Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA), Best Asia Low-Cost Carrier by TTG Travel Awards 2009, and World’s Best Low-Cost Airline by Skytrax in 2009 and 2010. It also won The Budgie World Low Cost Airlines Asia Pacific’s Best Marketing Campaign of the Year 2010. 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